The Myth of an Incorruptible Mr Modi
Contents
Despite both circumstantial and directly incriminating evidence of corruption and cronyism, the myth of Incorruptible Mr Modi, of “Na Khaunga aur Na Khaane Doonga” fame, has been built on fake news and suppression of investigations.
The arrival of a fake messiah
- In 2005, Modi announced in his typical “Feku” style, and with a lot of fanfare how GSPC had found gas worth ₹ 220,000 Crores in Krishna Godavari Basin, and that the nation would no longer need to import any gas by 2007. 10 years on, and after wasting ₹ 20,000 Crores against expert advice, the company was driven to a bankruptcy by Modi’s whims. GSPC misused its funds and allegedly formed join ventures with dodgy front companies with no experience in offshore drilling. [2] After 20,000 crore loss to Gujarat state exchequer, PM Modi forced ONGC to take over GSPC gas fields in order to cover up his massive misadventure. [3]
- The ₹ 400 Crores fisheries scam. Contract were awarded to favourite parties without inviting tender. [4]
- Two bidders apparently formed a cartel and bid for supplying supplementary Nutrition Extruded Fortified Blended Food (EFBF) to Anganwadis with Government collusion. Contracts worth ₹500 Crores kept getting awarded to a handful of contractors, particularly Kota Dal Mills and Muruliwala Agrotech. The State continued to do this despite a 2006 Apex court warning to decentralise food production and a 2010 Gujarat High Court order which noted that the contracts were a violation of Supreme Court rulings.[5]
- The ₹500 crore Sujalam Sufalam Yojana Rice scam. The ₹6237.33 crore Sujalam Sufalam Yojana (SSY) announced in 2003 was to be completed by 2005. Public accounts Committee of Gujarat assembly unanimously prepared a report indicating a scam of over ₹500 crore, which was never tabled. The probe was delayed. [6]
- 49% of the shares of Pipavav Power Station of GSPC were sold to Swan Energy for a paltry sum of ₹381 Crores without inviting any tenders from other companies and obtaining the maximum price, thereby, avoiding fair competition.[7]
- Loss of ₹580 crore to the exchequer by bestowing undue favours to Ford, L&T, Adani, Essar and Reliance in Gujarat, as per CAG report. [8]
Multiple scams with land deals:
- Gujarat Government illegally allocated 422 acre land to Anantiben’s daughter‘s partner at 92.5% discount in the Gir buffer zone. The allotment of 245 acres of land worth ₹145 crore was done for just ₹1.5 crore. [9][10]
- 16,000 acres were allocated to Adani Group at ₹1-₹32 per sq meter whereas the average market price was ₹1100 per sq meter, and some even paid ₹6000 per sq meter. This is an undue benefit of ₹6,546 Crores. As an extensively researched article of the Forbes’ magazine said: [11]
“Adani has, over the years, leased 7,350 hectares–much of which he got from 2005 onward–from the government in an area called Mundra in the Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat. FORBES ASIA has copies of the agreements that show he got the 30-year, renewable leases for as little as one U.S. cent a square meter (the rate maxed out at 45 cents a square meter). He in turn has sublet this land to other companies, including state-owned Indian Oil Co., for as much as $11 a square meter.”
- Modi and his propaganda claim that a single SMS message of “Suswagatam” from Mr Modi to Mr Ratan Tata convinced the Tatas to switch to Gujarat. Of course, no prudent businessman would be such a fool. The truth is, when Tatas were looking for an alternative location for Nano car plant, Modi bent over backwards to lure them. 1100 acres were given to TATA at ₹900 per sq meter whereas market price was much higher (note how this compares to other land deals). Tata Motors was also given a “Loan” of ₹456 Crores towards setting up the plant in Gujarat. Some estimates suggest a total subsidy of ₹33,000 Crores was given by the Gujarat Government to Tata Motors! [12] Mr Modi used this move of Tata heavily towards his own self-promotion, which was at Taxpayers’ expense. [13]
- Indigold refineries land scam – After having alloted cheap land to it for a refinery, the State government allowed Indigold Refinery to sell 200,000 sq. meter of land to Alumina Refinery rather than taking its possession. The deal is allegedly estimated to have cost the state exchequer around ₹40 crore.[14]
- 16 acres of prime University land in the centre of Ahmedabad was sold to a Hotel through a rigged tender. Deal was said to be brokered by the CM himself.[15]
Now, a bhakt may say, so what if this smells of Crony Capitalism? This is a CM working hard to get more investments into his state. So what if he is wasting taxpayers’ money in favours to his crony friends, at least some of these, such as a the Tata plant, will be beneficial for the State in the long run.
Firstly, these actions of undue favours to attract investments by bending over backwards, only show that the claims of “Gujarat Model” were themselves fake. Other states were able to attract more investments than Gujarat without such freebies. Had 14 years of “Vibrant Gujarat” really been so successful, there should have been people queuing up to invest and setup factories in Gujarat at any cost, without the government having to grant them so many favours. Majority of these announcements, done with much fanfare, have turned out to be damp squibs.
Secondly, if Modi really was “incorruptible”, he would not have left the post of Lokayukta vacant for over a decade between 2003 and 2013 [16] Further, he would have ensured these allegations were investigated with full sincerity, and punished the officials or ministers involved. If he could spare 10 police officers to snoop on a girl, how was he unaware of his close colleague and successor, Anandiben’s land deals?
Also, keep in mind that the same “Army lover” and “Nationalist” Mr Modi allocated 93 acres of land to Raheja Group at ₹470 per sq meter [17] and charged South-West Air Command (SWAC) of the Indian Air Force ₹1100 per sq meter for 100 acres land. This clearly shows that the crony capitalists are more important to Mr Modi than our Armed Forces. [18]
The Birth of Symbiotic Oligarchy in Gujarat
Among Mr Modi’s close crony capitalist friends, one name is the most prominent – that of Mr Gautam Adani. With humble origins and success from Diamond trading in Mumbai, Mr Adani had moved to Gujarat during mid 90s, and grown impressively. Yet, as Modi was sworn in as the CM on October 6th 2001, Adani was still a relatively modest player with a turnover of around ₹3000 Crores, its market value was 1/500th of the Reliance Group at the time. [19]
Between 1995 and 2001, Gujarat politics in general and the state BJP in particular went through a period of great churn. With elections scheduled for Gujarat in 2003, LK Advani replaced Keshubhai Patel with Modi, a political novice then, choosing him over senior state leaders. Advani was planning to make a run for PM and Gujarat was a key state for the BJP. To make sure he controlled Gujarat, he wanted an outsider in charge of Gujarat who would be dependent on the party’s high command for his legitimacy.
Modi took charge of Gujarat in 2001, knowing he would have to win the state elections. He did not want to depend on Pramod Mahajan, who was managing the BJP’s finances. Modi wanted his own source of funds, but this was not easy. Industry was suspicious of this RSS pracharak. Modi was suspicious of industry. In his first year, Modi kept all businessmen at an arm’s length. Modi distrusted Adani due to his rapid rise and thought he was too close to rival Keshubhai. It took Adani a year, from October 2001 to September 2002 to find his way into Modi’s inner circle.
It was the Gujarat genocide of 2002, that changed the fortunes of both men.
The religious polarization of the violence was en-cashed shamelessly by BJP and Modi. They helped BJP win the 2002 elections with massive gains. Modi, the relatively unknown pracharak, captured the imagination of the Sangh, and was able to mount a coup against even Prime Minister Vajpayee.
However, the violence had cost the industry ₹20,000 Crores, making local and foreign investors jittery about their prospects in Gujarat. New investment inflows had all but dried up by September 2002. In February 2003, the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII)—the country’s biggest and most important business trade association—held a special session at its auditorium in New Delhi: “Meeting with Narendra Modi, the New Chief Minister of Gujarat”. The meeting was organised on a special request from Modi.
During this event, doyens of Indian Industry, such as Mr Godrej and Mr Bajaj, publicly expressed concerns about Gujarat again. Mr Modi was furious. “You and your pseudo-secular friends,” Modi roared at the leaders of Indian industry, “can come to Gujarat if you want an answer.” Modi asked Godrej and Bajaj: “Others have vested interest in maligning Gujarat. What is your interest?”[20]
Modi carried his fury back to Gujarat. Within a few days, a group of Gujarati businessmen close to Modi—including Gautam Adani of Adani Group, Indravadan Modi of Cadila Pharmaceuticals, Karsan Patel of Nirma Group, and Anil Bakeri of Bakeri Engineers—had established a rival organisation, which they called the Resurgent Group of Gujarat (RGG), all of whose members threatened to withdraw from the CII on the grounds that it had humiliated and insulted Modi and all Gujaratis.
Adani pledged a sum of ₹15,000 crore for the first Vibrant Gujarat summit in September-October 2003. He thereafter cemented his association with Modi and became his ardent supporter, lobbying for him in India and abroad.[21]
Back in Delhi, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government began to limit the CII’s access to its ministers, jeopardizing the group’s core mission as a lobbying organisation. CII had to eventually back down. The businessmen who had shown moral courage to speak up against Modi were forced to praise him, in order to get access. The businessmen from Gujarat who did chamchagiri would be rewarded handsomely by Mr Modi. Within next decade, most businessmen will learn the drill – turn up at events like Vibrant Gujarat, praise Mr Modi, he will re-tweet it, and give you and your company publicity, and he will help you in return. Gujarat, a state previously known for having a flourishing Small and Medium enterprises sector and a co-operative sector, will start turning into an Oligarchy, with a small group of companies dominating many key infrastructure sectors.
The Result of the Quid-Pro-Quo
Adani’s growth has exploded since 2003-04, funded extensively by banks. In 2006-07, the group had revenues of ₹16,953 crore and debt of ₹4,353 crore. By 2012-13, revenues stood at ₹47,352 crore and debt at ₹61,762 crore.
This extraordinary growth has given rise to persistent allegations that the Gujarat government extended undue benefits to the Adani group.
- Between 2006 and 2009, Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation bought natural gas from the open market and sold it to Adani Energy at a price lower than the purchase price; the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) says the company received an undue benefit of ₹70.5 crore.
- CAG observed that Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam recovered a penalty of 79.8 crore from Adani Power for its failure to supply power between August 2009 and January 2012, against the auditor’s calculation, based on the power purchase agreement, of ₹240 crore.
- In 2009, the DRI issued a fresh set of two show-cause notices alleging that associate companies of Adani group – HEPL, ACPL and MOL, had allegedly availed of extraordinary benefits under the TPS, also indulged in fraudulent “circular trading” by importing gold bars from the UAE and then exporting the goods in the form of crude studded gold jewelry purity back to the UAE. By an order dated April 9, 2015 which was issued more than four months later on August 26 that year,Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal (CESTAT) members Anil Choudhary and P.S. Pruthi summarily dropped all the charges against the Adani Group. The DRI, under Modi Government, has thus far been strangely reticent about filing a review petition in the Supreme Court that could protect its revenue interests to the tune of ₹1000 Crores. [22]
- After coming to power in the centre, Mr Adani has travelled extensively and won several deals with the blessings of Mr Modi. These include new coal investments in Queensland, Australia, and also a Joint Venture with Elbit of Israel to supply the Helmet Mounted display System for the Rafale jet being bought for IAF under the renegotiated Rafale deal.
- In August 2016, the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) Rules, 2016, were amended by the Department of Commerce to insert a provision that allowed for claims for refund under the SEZ Act, 2005. The amendment was made to specifically provide Adani Power Limited an opportunity to claim refunds on customs duty to the tune of ₹500 crore.[23]
Mr Modi used Adani’s business jet extensively during the 2014 elections campaign. [24] Several Police officers of Gujarat Police, whose conduct in 2002 was under suspicion, and who possibly shielded Mr Modi by destroying police records, were given lucrative positions in Adani Group after their retirement. In March 2013, after it became evident that Modi would be unceremoniously dropped as a keynote speaker at a public function organised by the Wharton School of Business in the United States because of pressure from academics and students opposed to him, the Adani group, one of the main sponsors of the event, withdrew its financial support.
The Coal Over-invoicing scam
Mr Adani was the central player in a scam to import coal at an inflated prices from his own Indonesian subsidiary, and equipment at inflated prices from its other subsidiaries based in Dubai and Hong Kong. This was eventually being passed on to the end consumers of the coal, in this case, the domestic consumers paying a higher tariff for their electricity generated out of the thermal power plants operated by Mr Adani (and a few others)
In effect, this was a money laundering operation, where profits from Indian operations were being hidden and transferred abroad to tax havens. [25][26][27]
This scam was investigated by Enforcement Directorate (ED), who levied a fine of ₹5,500 Crores on Mr Adani.
According to a senior ED official associated with the SIT, if the Adani case reaches its logical conclusion, the group would have had to pay a fine of around ₹15,000 crore. ‘It is a watertight case,’ he said, about the trail of documents showing how the group diverted ₹5,468 crore to Mauritius via Dubai. The Adani group vehemently denies any wrongdoing. Modi, after his rhetoric-filled ride to power, has been silent.[28]
Since Modi’s ascension to office, what has happened in the ED, which had registered a preliminary case against Adani in Ahmedabad and was handed details of ED findings, is illustrative. JP Singh, the officer heading the Ahmedabad branch of the Directorate was raided by the CBI, which accused him of possessing disproportionate assets. It failed to prove anything at all, despite months of investigation. JP Singh was an award winning officer who had exposed a huge hawala racket of ₹10,000 crore and a cricket-betting racket, which involved more than ₹5,000 crore.
Think about it, had Mr JP Singh really been a corrupt officer as is being alleged by Modi’s regime now, would he not have ensured that all these big cases were never probed? Would he not have settled with Mr Adani for a few hundred crores easily? Wouldn’t it reflect in his lifestyle? According to Mr JP Singh’s colleagues, he still led a very modest life, and traveled by taxis and public transport. [29]
The two senior-most officers in the Mumbai regional office, who oversaw the investigations in Ahmedabad, were forced out of the agency. Mr JP Singh’s boss, Principal Commissioner PK Dash was shunted out and given a side posting to an academy in Mumbai.[30] The tenure of Rajan S. Katoch, who was heading the directorate when the case was opened, also ended abruptly. Apart from the Adani case, the Ahmedabad ED investigators were also pursuing some of the biggest money launderers of Gujarat.
Interestingly, soon after Modi government came to power in New Delhi, Adani’s import scam unearthed by ED was transferred to a different investigating unit. Normally, Money laundering and FEMA violations are under the jurisdiction of ED. [31]
Updates:
Soon after the publication of this article on 25th July 2017, two developments worth noting have happened in this case.
- On 15th August 2017, Noted British paper, The Guardian, published the full details of the meticulous and detailed ED investigation on the Money trail in the over invoicing scam mentioned above. [32] They even posted the links to pages from the actual investigation in public domain for everyone to see. You would think this was an explosive newsworthy expose of the businessman so close to Mr Modi. Strangely, almost everyone in mainstream Indian media did not bother to even report this story! [33]
- Then, just 10 days later, on 25th Aug 2017, while the media in India was busy over rioting by the supporters of a sect (“Sachha-Sauda”) whose Guru had been arrested on rape charges, the adjudicating authority of the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI), K V S Singh passed an order striking down all proceedings launched by the DRI against the Adani Group firms. One wonders what was the real deal (Sachha Sauda) that this judgement was so conveniently timed for Mr Adani, was buried in other major news. [34]
Incriminating evidence of direct corruption
What we have listed above thus far is a list of cases that arouse suspicion of foul play but were either never investigated properly – as in the case of cases from Gujarat, or where an ongoing investigation on a favoured crony friend was derailed and swept under the carpet, as in the case of over invoicing scam by the Enforcement Directorate.
Before we discuss the next section, just remember that a note of “AP FAM” in the case of Agusta Westland investigations was enough for a lot of people to conclude that it must mean Ahmad Patel and the Gandhi family. In the Bihar’s fodder scam, CM Laloo Yadav was convicted by a CBI court purely on the circumstantial evidence that he appeared to have extended the term of two of the officers who were found to be complicit in the scam. [35]
In October 2013, when the Central Bureau of Investigation raided the New Delhi office of an Aditya Birla Group company, in connection with then ongoing investigations in Hindalco coal block allocations scam. The CBI found about Rs 25 crore unaccounted cash and several documents described as “incriminating” and informed the Income Tax department, which then conducted a raid the next day.
These searches and seizures led to papers and email conversations relating to unaccounted cash, hawala transactions and what appear to be corrupt practices involving investigative wings of the government of India and payoffs to important politicians, including “Gujarat CM – Rs 25 crore (12-done-rest?)”
In a separate investigation, the Income Tax department raided Sahara on November 22, 2014 which led to the unearthing of computer printouts with purported details on possible payoffs to senior politicians in clearly legible words, with references, as it emerged later, to alleged payments made between 2013 and March 2014,[36]to:
- Rs 40 crore “cash given at Ahmedabad, Modiji” [In other documents they are referred to as, “cash given to CM Gujarat”]
- Rs 10 crore given to CM of Madhya Pradesh [Shivraj Singh Chouhan]
- Rs 4 crore to CM of Chhattisgarh [Raman Singh]
- Rs 1 crore to CM of Delhi who at that time was Sheila Dikshit.
A PIL seeking investigation of this was dismissed by a SC bench of Justice Mishra and Justice Roy. The main ground for dismissal was that the Honorable Judges did not consider these entries as “Books of account”, as they did not have a spiral or permanent binding (a definition from a pre-computers era!) and because the documents were not part of official accounts.
They overlooked to check if any other cash movements in any related accounts corroborated these entries. In this case, the Sahara amounts tally with entries in the ledgers of Marcomm, from where the money paid to politicians was received and distributed, as evidenced by the available Marcomm Excel sheets. Needless to mention, this judgement sets a very dangerous precedent. Corruption tends to be off-the-books. Most criminals do not keep an actual book of account detailing their activities. In future, this judgement may be used as a defense by many. Whether or not this bribe was actually given can only be established after a detailed investigation.
Strangely, the Honorable judges also observe (Section 21 on page 16 of the judgement):
We are constrained to observe that the Court has to be on guard while ordering investigation against any important constitutional functionary, officers or any person in the absence of some cogent legally cognizable material.
Ask yourself, what if the same court had been “on guard” while ordering investigations against Union Minister A Raja? Would the 2G scam have ever been uncovered?
Justice Arun Mishra, a former Madhya Pradesh HC judge is close to Madhya Pradesh CM Shivraj Singh Chauhan, a co-accused in the Sahara bribery case, but Justice Mishra failed to recuse himself from hearing this case, which raises serious questions about his professional conduct.[37] Justice Mishra missed elevation to the Supreme Court three times before he was elevated to the Supreme Court in July 2014, six weeks after Modi took charge as prime minister. A few months later, the same bench ordered re-opening of the cases against Mr Laloo Yadav.
Conclusion
As this article mentioned in the beginning, RTI became an important tool in the hand of activists towards unraveling corruption cases. Mr. Modi’s PMO has been stonewalling several RTIs relating to his degree. A CIC who ordered Delhi University to release this information was immediately removed. The institutions of CVC, CIC, CAG and ED have been diluted under his rule. This is a repeat of the pattern seen during the 13 years of his rule in Gujarat where Lokayukta wasn’t appointed, and CAG reports were ignored, and demands of even investigations into several suspicious cases of officials giving favours to cronies were never investigated.
Power corrupts. Absolute, unchallenged power, as Mr Modi has, even more so.
Even Rajiv Gandhi had agreed to a JPC probe on Bofors. Despite far more incriminating Prima Facie evidence against Modi, he will never do so. His opposition has been weak, and his control over media narrative and his party has been very strong.
Mr Modi’s image has been built upon a foundation of fake news, media management and suppression of institutions that typically expose corruption in a democracy. The way his government has favoured Adani over the over-invoicing probe, Ambani over 4G Scam, and both of them on Rafale Deal, without as much of a whimper of protest, should be a sufficient indicator of his style.
Corruption continues unabated, in fact it is being done more brazenly now, while people are constantly being distracted over non-issues such as Beef, GauRakhaks, Digging dirt on rivals etc by his pet media – largely controlled by the same oligarchs.
It must be stressed here that corruption in politicians can come in many forms – a typical corrupt politician may brazenly embezzle funds or seek bribes to enrich his own family members.
Now, let us look at Vladimir Putin of Russia, who has presided over the world’s most corrupt Oligarchy (some times described as Kleptocracy). Putin’s known personal fortune is modest 2 flats in Moscow. His daughter Katerina holds a simple academic job as a researcher of History in St. Petersburg University. However, dig below the surface and you will realize that this is just a facade. Putin’s associates are worth hundreds of billions of dollars, and these funds are available at Putin’s disposal for his political needs.
Mr Modi has copied the Putin Model. He too doesn’t appear to indulge in the first sort of corruption. The bribes and favours he has taken are to help the Sangh Parivar, or his own self-promotion, not cash for his immediate family, who maintain a facade of modest lifestyles, even walk to bank to withdraw ₹4000 when a political need arises. His crony friends lavishly fund the expensive campaigns when elections are held.
Eventually, both forms of corruption are equally harmful for a country. The nation’s security is compromised if inexperienced JV partners are chosen to favour cronies in exchange for benefits in “kind”, irrespective of any cash bribe having been paid or not. The taxpayers hard earned money is wasted when we buy an aircraft at an inflated price, irrespective of actual bribe being taken by the decision makers.
Supporting a person complicit of abetting heinous crimes such as mass murder, just because he has an “honest” image, is as foolish as marrying a serial rapist because he files his tax returns on time. What if you then discover that this news about him filing his tax returns was a result of fake propaganda and media management, and was not the truth?
“He’s not the Messiah, he’s a very naughty boy!”-Monty Python, Life of Brian
Heavily saddened to go through the various scams cited above.Must be investigated thoroughly and vigorously, by investigative agencies and appropriate courts, lest these pose national security concerns….
Excellent. So, when Sonia led UPA got worried about rise of Modi led BJP by mid 2013, it “instructed” ED and IT to raid and “find” some “evidence” against two popular BJP CMs, Modi and Shivraj. Very interesting! And nothing against other corrupt politicians from BJP or other parties including Congress. Poor Mrs Dixit was made a scape goat because she was already out of power and favour of family.
And then these papers become “evidence” for Modi haters to spread rumours. Excellent!
Your theory has one huge glaring hole.
Think about it.
Take your time.
Very Good article, keep it up
GREAT ANALYSIS, EXPOSING POWERFUL CRONY CAPITALIST.
fake degree mentioned in elections’ affidavit proves all above allegations are 100% correct….
Wonder why these allegations against the then Gujarat CM were not investigated by UPA in all the years that it was in power at the Centre, with the caged parrot fluttering to its whims….
Its possibly a mixture of jurisdiction issues plus some opposition parties were also themselves close to some of the cronies.
The old saying is
“hamam main sab nange hain”
Another saying is:
“Congress seth, jinke ghar sheeshe ke hote hain, wo. Dusre ke gharon par Patthar nahin fenkte, bus Twitter fenkte hain”
This govt. That govt. Money plays it’s role.
I got two options to choose from.. Believe the change what I feel and see…or read some useless post and waste my time. Unfortunately I made mistake and read the latter, now I am correcting that.
Congress treated BJP as a respectable opposition ….. NO BJP FREE India or something like tha !!!! There were allegations of corruption against their own ministers and functionaries who were made to resign and face legal action.MOREOVER they never HAD any vinditiveness against BJP to keep hunting them with vengeance !!!! THeir RULE was TRULY socialistic MORE SECULAR though NOT totally free from conceptual errors NOR they had any HIDDEN AGENDA of HINDUTVA !!!!They handed over the reins to BJP when INDIA was already on the threshold of becoming a noticeable WORLD POWER !!!! Unfortunately at this juncture instead of simply concentrating on an EFFECTIVE and EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE BJP is THRIVING ON SLOGANS , false assurances AND SELF- destructive LIES !!!! bUT i THINK PROPLE ARE SEEING THEIR VULNERABILITY AND THE WAY THEY HAVE EXPERIMENTED WITH THE ECONOMY AND unnecessarily involving in various religious issues , faith and unimportant and irrelevant debates just to corner popularity. Now this release has revealed that all is NOT that holy with either NDA ,BJP or the PM whose EGO and SELF- PROMOTION has dented their USP of NOT HAVING even a SINGLE allegation of CPRRUTION in their 3 year rule !!!! I and my family voted BJP in the last general Election , which ONCE HARPED on SWADESHI ,SWARAJ and SWAVALAMBAN !!!! Strictly persona; views !!!
Just as Indira Gandhi misused power to save her political career, Rajiv Gandhi misused power to hide the bofors corruption, Narendra Modi misused power to gain /retain political power. Use of black/corporate money is age old in politics all over the world. So called developed countries boasting to be great democracies are not exceptions to this fact. Corporates invest in politics for furthering their business. Despite of all the revelation, the world is almost clu less about the solution to this basic problem in the path of real democracy.
Wonderfully compiled, agree to most of it.
We knew Power corrupts and absolute Power corrupts absolutely! …and Feku is no exception. But for the first time I see a concerted effort to compile scattered stories in a neat narrative and with documentary support. This article should become the first chapter of any book written in future on exploits of Feku PM.
Thanks for your kind words of appreciation and encouragement!
No power does not corrupt, power is neutral
BUT It attracts psychopaths Modi, Trumph…………etc
Great job. Continue exposing.
Frustrated editor. Could not find something concrete trying to pass off lies and speculations as truth! Have you ever put such scams in congress party! Everyone knows your funding patterns. Dare you to post this comment. U r a feku
Published this “Ad-Hominem” comment just to illustrate the kind of things we have as “rebuttal” !
All these happened in Congress Regime and they kept quiet knowing well that if they proved all these, they would have retained power in 2014.
Difficult to believe they kept quiet to make him PM from CM.
ED should investigate the writer of this story.
What is the proof of all allegation? At the end all sources are just some articles published in few newspapers which also dont have any proof either. May be they are using your page as sources. So it’s ” tu mera khuja me teri khujata hu” . Also inform UPA they need it badly. They are still struggling with Modi’s suit.
By that measure, what is the proof of corruption against Sharad Pawar, Reddy Brothers, Vadra, or any Congress politician?
As the author points out, there is more direct evidence, in the form of Sahara/Birla diaries, against Mr Modi taking money illegally, than is against several other politicians.
You mean to say the Sahar Birla dairies that was trashed by the Supreme Court? You need to be credible.
Kudos to you for compiling all the research exposing modi at one place.
Salute you for keeping the sprit of journalism alive. Hope more and more indians read and share
Wonderful, well-researched work based on documentary evidences, well-documented facts without bias and arbitrariness…
Love to read more, exposing the ills of political class sponsored and surrounded by crony capitalists…
Keep it up please…
” Documentary Evidence” ..? Where is it now or when UPA was at its peak ? Why dosent the Oppn have the courage to use ” Evidence” & move Motion of No Confidence in Parliament ever since 2914 till date ?
Modi government is turning out to be more corrupt than the previous governments. But ignorance and cover-up by Media has ensured that these scams dont reach the masses. TV channels and Anchors are acting as agents appointed to create a illusion that this government is clean and non-corrupt. Anti-corruption crusaders who were very active during UPA government tenure are suddenly silent and are mysteriously quiet on these scams by Modi government.
Absolutely right. Very well written. In very few words you’ve summed up the whole picture. ????
You’re absolutely spot on! ?
There is no use of this kind of individual opinion and meek approach to fight the Gujarat goondas. A collective street politic is need to counter Modi and his beneficiaries. We should give back the bjp in its with the same coin “street politics”. Let us unit before it is too late.
Very bold article with lots of statistics. A thorough investigation of independent in nature can only bring out the truth. But will it ever happen is the question which is unanswered so far.
This is outsourced corruption by him. This is also ok. But it will become dangerous once he becomes politicaly weak he will not hesitate to use available resources like defence force to his advantage. I will not be surprised if some war occurs at that time.
Good exposae of Modi and his cronies, Manmohan Singhs every word uttered in Parliamentary debate during demonitisation …. of organised loot and legalised plunder coming true to its discourse
Excellent expose! A lie repeatedly drummed with histrionics a la cinematic style becomes the truth. In India you don’t have to repeat lies 1,000 times. Say it a few times in theatrical manner and urban and rural masses lap it like suckers. This happens in India regularly because a majority of the population is either ignorant or lacks higher education to comprehend political, corporate and business world chicanery and the many devious schemes the crooked play. People should examine the ‘Gujarat Model’ lie inflicted with finesse on the state and rest of India to know what awaits the country under this repressive, divisive and communal regime run by ruthless bigots.
Indians are getting exactly what they deserve. Democracy is for fair minded people, which we are not. Corruption (not just monetary) is considered smartness in our society.
Agree . Bottom line is – forget all the chest beating of 1947 ….have we as a people or the (13) Govts we Indians Elected in past (70) years done ANYTHING To deserve ” Democracy” in 2017 ???
You cannot do anything by writing all these articles. No one cares about it. UPA can’t manage itself and no one can challenge Modi.
this article is fake as whole India knows Madam Soniya and Laloo has made millions in decades .Theybhave used money against India whereas Modi is Patriot and National and has gained power to make India shine again . offcourse he has used Adani money to fight elections which is essential . Now Madam Soniya and other Antinationals have started using this propaganda news to malign a true leader who will take India to superpower . Pakistan or China can not think of attacking India now. this news is paid heavily and will be sued in court of law . I can assure you that . Videshi Chatukar has written this to put India again in dark ages wherein security of this nation becomes threat by ISI. Soniya is a European lady and can never think intrest of India.Laloo has looted Bihar for decades and let his Goonda Sahabuddin make people s life hell .
Well said , Sir ..!!!! …. No words more true than this
I will ignore the pointless personal name calling parts of your comments, published them just to illustrate the typical mindset of Modi bhakts.
We have merely compiled a list of things already in public domain, along with the references.
Has Mr Modi yet sued Jairam Ramesh, who wrote about the GSPC Scam of Rs 20,000 Crores? Has he sued the various news portals that published the Sahara/Birla diaries?
NO.
Think. Why not?
On the Sahara Diary , the case was already put up before Supreme Court and they took a decision not to proceed on this, so on what basis without any further evidence to back it you can rake it at your convenience. Accordingly, if you believe there is quid pro quo on Adani and GSPC case, why have Mr Bhushan not gone to SC for justice. It’s your good luck that noone has not filed a defamation case like Jaitley has done to Kejriwal for defaming others without any concrete evidence.
This case has already been covered in this article in detail.
“Ask yourself, what if the same court had been “on guard” while ordering investigations against Union Minister A Raja? Would the 2G scam have ever been uncovered?”
If Feku is so clean, why doesn’t he agree to a JPC probe on this?
Refer my comments below
This case has already been covered in this article in detail. >>> This article does not cover Supreme Court order which has dismissed the case and provided multiple chances of Mr. Bhushan to provide the evidence but he failed to do so.
“Ask yourself, what if the same court had been “on guard” while ordering investigations against Union Minister A Raja? Would the 2G scam have ever been uncovered?” >>> How is this statement relevant to charges made here? If you believe SC for 2G scam uncovering you should also have faith in the same SC judgement on Mr. Modi.
If Feku is so clean, why doesn’t he agree to a JPC probe on this? >> J I am shocked to hear this, do you consider Supreme Court a lower place for justice than JPC. Why has Mr Bhushan then gone to SC, why has he not filed a PIL to have a JPC for this. Please get your facts right on this before you make any baseless comments
Excellent analysis
V good article.
We tend to forget easily. Not just the scams but also note bandi but also how the CII initial resistance was broken.
Keep the spirit of freedom and resistance to fekudom.
Great analysis, please make another study of the assets of all politicians at the beginning of their career and how much assets they possess at the peak of the career.Make comparison including Narendra Modi.That would be the real i education of personal incorruptibility.
I agree with this article, that was just the old model of corruption. Putin and modi are too smart. They do a nautanki of being humble, but make their crony freinds very rich.. and they have full freedom to use these funds.
Adanibhai ka plane , apana hi plane hai Mitron..
Let’s see if they are capable of doing that
If the References used in this , are so irrefutable, authentic , strong & therefore -dependable … then y did yesterday’s sole Central Power twiddle their thumbs for past (3) years ? This Is nothing but a collection of past Newsreports , compiled into Feku prose, pushed into uncensored ” Free for all” IT Space by out of job scriptwriters funded by scraggly bunch of frustrated disgruntled Politicians
Sonia, Patel, Laloo, Akhilesh, Mamata, have a Mahagatbandah IT Cell …!!
Answered above by someone already, jurisdiction + collusion issues.
BTW, the scams that were uncovered, were uncovered because of Media outcry, NGO activists + SC not bending to political power.. it was NOT because of some XYZ party.
Pingback: The Myth of an Incorruptible Mr Narendra Modi | Kractivism
News paper references as concrete evidence!!! Lol…
Better understand what constitutes an evidence first
As pointed out in the article itself, this is a lot more than what has ever been produced against Laloo Yadav in fodder scam case, and is lot more than was available against Mr A Raja when the investigation started.
Very good article sir! I am still waiting for the messiah. The true messiah who can save the Indians from these political vultures and their paid bhakts.
Hmmm…..like it’s said… no politician is clean…. it’s not bout Congress or BJP. The social media working on Mr Modi’s capmpaign before the elections and now have done a wonderful job of portraying him as the only leader that can save India. The recent revelations of Modi’s speech seeking support of the Dera chief (Ram Rahim) for the Haryana elections proves that for power anyone can stoop to new lows.
Time to stop his scams by handing over to inspiring ever energetic Rahulji
Jis jis ko position mila yoto chore nikal rahe hai.
Jisko nahi mila yoto jal jalke mar rahe hai.
Aur aise harkate kar rahe hai.
Positon pe rahane tak 90% log chore hote hai.
Excellent analysis. Is the editor faced any repercussions for publishing this article?
Thanks. Just the usual abuse from bhakts, and a couple of minor threats (so far).
Modi besides all those killings in Gujarat was given clean chit and he covered his tracks so well that no social media even brought such facts out . People have accepted him as new AVATAR even with hands full of blood of the innocent citizens.
Will anyone in India including CBI and courts have the courage to fully investigate ?
There was a tape a few years back where Amit Shah was giving an hourly report of a young woman’s daily routine and was told that she was a friends daughter and her father has requested so but that was not so and the whole thing was hushed up.
So let us hope rest of the media brings such reports are openly played before either it is blocked or his bhakta calling it FAKE News.
Yes, if you check our articles, this site is precisely about exploring such stories in depth which have somehow escaped the attention of people, or where fake news/propaganda dominates.
The intention behind this site was to equip our readers with sufficient “ammunition” to counter such propaganda.
Al news come up just a waste of time to know al dis der is no more freedom fighters to end al dis govt parties and begin new India with new independce from corruption
I have got a rebuttal question.
Isn’t it fishy that Wikileaks took 3 years to promulgate formally that ‘America is scared of Modi…’ argument is fake and fabricated?
I mean they could have clarified it much earlier. 3 years is a hell lot of time.
It may be possible that Wikileaks was ‘told’ to carry out this declaration.
Ah, I keep accusing you of being a thief in papers in Namibia. You do not notice for 3 years, and only issue a clarification then. By your logic, it is your delayed clarification that we should actually look at with suspicion !??
p.s. It wasn’t just Mr Modi, Fake news propaganda all over the world mis-used wikileaks for their own goals.
Wikileaks would need to employ thousands of people to actively find and debunk all those misusing their name!
Quote: In 2005, Modi announced in his typical “Feku” style, and with a lot of fanfare how GSPC had found gas worth ₹ 220,000 Crores in Krishna Godavari Basin, and that the nation would no longer need to import any gas by 2007. 10 years on, and after wasting ₹ 20,000 Crores against expert advice, the company was driven to a bankruptcy by Modi’s whims. GSPC misused its funds and allegedly formed join ventures with dodgy front companies with no experience in offshore drilling. [2] After 20,000 crore loss to Gujarat state exchequer, PM Modi forced ONGC to take over GSPC gas fields in order to cover up his massive misadventure. [3] Unquote
GSPC found gas in Krishna Godavari in 2005 and Modi asked GSPC to spend 20000 crores?? It it a joke? Why GSPC spends that much money in Andhra because Gujarat CM is interested?
This article is a fake.
The numbers in square brackets [2] & [3] are the references of the claim.
You clearly have no clue about this story.
Gas in offshore Gas fields is not a property of Andhra. GoI gives drilling licenses to any company that bids for it.
Read about GSPC’s disastrous foray into Krishna Godavari Basin Gas exploration under Mr Modi’s push (bit like his Notebandi).
This is a loot. The people of India are being fooled. The Holy media is terrorized and the loot continues. Modi and his government has to be thrown out. Politically and may be…
I am not at all surprised by reading this article. It only proves that Feku Modi has better skill of managing things than dynast queen Sonia.
We indians have to live with this reality as we have no better choice other than bloody revolution.
Are we ready for that? All of us know the answer. So who bothers?
A real eye opener. Diligently researched and a courageous piece of journalism at that. Sincere compliments.
most of the political tycoons are Corrupt , they make relationship with muscle power people of the society , big corporate houses ,, to enjoy the long term power game in the states, or in centre government .Muscle Power , Money Power , and Political Power , together loot the nation without fear .
Gujarat is due for elections in Nov/Dec 2017. Modi has already made seven trips with each trips costing several crores of expenses. He is likely to go over once more before elections and for that again crores are being spent sprucing up and decorating the places he may visit. May be he is not himself corrupt but all these expenditures – well, you make money either by honest means or by dishonest means just to spend and enjoy the life.
Congratulations !!! And Thanks for this Very Very Good Article.
Please send detailed news on such articles which are being suppressed by Modi Regime
Huge respect for your courage to speak against the most dictatorial government this country has ever seen.
The sad part is that we see so many educated, well thinking radicalized bhakts who seem to lose all reason and just chant hindutva tones as these crimes are committed. Not only that, even close friends who are bhakts, violently attack their friends if a word is said against their patriarch. What’s happening in our country?
In 2008, a big rally was organized in Rajkot for “Jalshakti Yojna” where lakhs of people from nearby villages assembled to listen to him. For the city water supply that is only ten to twenty minutes and alternate days during summer, he had promised that there would be four hours of water supply daily. In the current year also same kind of promise repeated but nothing happened. Water supply just remains the same. Recently, 18000 tricycles were distributed free for the handicapped in a huge rally. Those tricycles were to be seen even after two days lying in rain.
I left India soon after Modi became PM in 2014.
Though I feel sad for my homeland, I am laughing at all you Indians from the safety and comfort of my foreign location.
I laugh when your country’s GDP goes down to 4.4% (measured by the same standards as in UPA rule, not the fake, inflated figures of 5/7%). I laugh when no new jobs or foreign investment are coming to your shores. I laugh when your 1 billion citizens have to deal with outlandish ideas like demonetization. What more do you expect from a chaiwala? He’s not an economic genius by any stretch. First, this man ruined Gujarat. Now he’s hell-bent on ruining the rest of India.
Modi is probably the worst Prime Minister India ever had after VP Singh. For those of you old enough to remember him, VP Singh was the man who handed over Kashmir to militants on a platter, and caused a nationwide stir with the Mandal Commission, causing lots of brainy Indians to leave India and work for overseas corporations.
Luckily VP Singh lasted only 11 months or so. But you bloody Indians never learn. That is why you had to choose a second VP Singh in the form of Modi for your Prime Minister.
You nitwits had to chose this poorly educated Sangh Pracharak over someone like Manmohan Singh who kept the economy stable in the midst of the worst financial crisis in the world in 2008.
Each nation deserves their government.
Americans deserve a clown like Donald Trump, and you bloody Indians deserve a polarizing figure like Modi.
Very well said. You flew over the cuckoo’s nest and many of us didn’t. I only have the satisfaction that I have been proven correct. It was obvious right from his campaigning days that he was Fake # 1 but the rest of the country was blind to everything … believing every lie he was spewing out like he was God Almighty. He has screwed the country wholesale right from the moment he made a big show of kissing the steps of Parliament.
I also couldn’t believe how the Indian diaspora in every country he visited was falling all over themselves to listen to this idiot. I’ve lost all respect for those so called intellectuals & IT professionals. For me every foreign visit & mega event was an embarrassment.
Today’s India is no longer the India I grew up in, loved & was so proud of. The country is in shambles in every which way & yet none will admit it. His recent speeches in Gujarat took us down “neecher” than “neech”! While he & Amit Shah make diabolic plans to control the entire country, I do hope Kerala is able to hold out against the BJP like the Gauls did against the Romans in Asterix!!!
Donald Trump is a different case…..even though he acts like a clown He is appointed by God himself. Supporting Israel is the main agenda. That is something very spiritual and it’s a prophetical fullment also. Glory to the God of Israel. But modi acts like an anti Christ. A real shadow of the coming Antichrist. Yes.
Thank you! For a few months now, I have also been likening him to an Anti Christ & finally tweeted something to this effect without actually using the word AC. Just directed attention to the movie Omen as an example of one who is supported by a “protection force” (media & bhakts) who will see nothing, hear nothing & say nothing against him & who will not tolerate any dissenting words/comments. One just has to watch Republic & Times Now debates to see how loudly protective they are. In their eyes he can do no wrong. So any corruption allegation, however strong, are brushed under the carpet. This kind of blind protection of an evil force is frightening
Can the saafbath team reply to this
https://www.quora.com/Why-there-was-no-Lokayukta-in-Gujarat-for-10-years-Why-new-Lokayukta-Bill-is-very-weak-and-hardly-has-any-power-to-prosecute
ALL are corrupt!? whom to believe!. opposition mukth is much more dangerous than loss of all listed in the article. Let this be an eye opener why opposition necessary to keep check the party in power. Opposition party must raise to the occasion. Kudos to the article.
Papa ka Ghara jab bharega to phut jaegaa.
When ever Sins will overflow, the pot (Ghara) will break .
this journalist and article shows bias … a balanced journalist would have also exposed stated the Congress scams and size from 1990-2017; and foreign bank accounts of all Indian politicians. To date of all the PMs, this PM works hard and swims well against the systemic Indian corruption and taken bold initiatives … Demonetization, GST, Automation, Green power; schemes to relive poverty, driving efficiency & accountability within the public sector, improved India’s world image and foreign investor confidence, etc.
Very enlightening
Frustrations are encircling once again. With whom we are safe ? And whom , we can believe ? Our country can never prosper with the kind of leadership now and then. Have no words to register my inputs for such leaderships. Wanted some one like Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. Yea, I also agree that some TV channels are not true & honest to the spirit of journalism . Incorruptible image of Modi JI, is under question due to his 1% crony industrialists controlling the entire 73% of total Indian capital . Very unfortunate.
A great article. Some of the cases were being talked about by people on street in hushed tone during the years 2002-2008. Besides, the horrors of post Godhra events are well known including how issues were suppressed. If the surviving witness of the horrific Best Bakery case had to turn hostile, one can imagine the powers of the Powers-that-be! No guilty have been identified or convicted for the burning of the train nor for the genocide that followed.
The hunger to get back to power and restart the loot is palpable. The desperation is getting stronger. We do have more than our fair share of traitors who can be identified as those who think of Modi’s supporters as ‘bhakts’. Name calling is their forte. Abuse and casting hollow aspersions is their only merit. The next election will show who the majority will fall for.
So, its ok for “bhakts” to call the others “traitors”, but they also then complain of name calling when referred to as “bhakts”? 😉
As the article shows, looking at Modi as a messiah against corruption is a false hope.
You knw brother, even if you give direct evidence. Bhakts will burst their eyes and deny it, saying we cannot see, u read it out bhakts will puncture their ear drums and say they are deaf.
This feku bhakti has already harmed the nation a lot.
Every bhakt is running arnd to defend the supreme leader from Nirav Modi/Choksey scams.
Keep it up brother.
Few good men are still there.
I think author is produced by Congress, as all allegations which author made are happened during 2002 to 2014 during the tenure of UPA Govt! During this time so many Scams and Scandal leaked out of Rulling Govt, but surprisingly not for Modiji or NDA! Means Sonia allowed Modiji to become PM.!!!
Yes, most of the corruption cases are from 2002-2014, they are from Gujarat, and are amongst some of the cases where CM Modi’s government was accused of corruption.
As we point out, Mr Modi never bothered to appoint a Lok Ayukt until 2013. The CAG reports that pointed these out were buried. This shows how Mr Modi was more worried about building his image, rather than actually taking any action against reports of corruption. In some cases he was definitely aware of corruption- e.g. by Amit Shah (Ketan Parekh case) and Anandiben (Gir Land case). Yet, we see no action.
p.s. We are a self-funded social journalism initiative, and have no links to any political party.
Compliments for an eye opener . Well researched , articulated and covered . At least the kum-bhakts have the necessary knowledge to impart .
Even when they have been corrupt , Congress beaten hands down on corruption as well ; and what a raincoat technology ??
# खतरनाकModi,
# खतरनाकOligarchs of Hundustan or better say HinduManustaan
# NoGods
# NoReligions
# NoCastes
Until and unless the investigating Agency like CBI, DRI, Anti-Corruption, are made independent and free from the clutch of Government and necessary check and balances are crafted between these organisation and Govt. till then we can not expect free and fair governance. Corporates are gaining access to these leader due to election fund and in return they are looting the country with the help of these leaders. They are in RAJYASABHA due to their money power and are member of different standing committee in which they are making provision for themselves and their companies. So, public have to learn these typical situation and choose right man for their representative.
Yes, also, to add to your point, in the past, at least the media used to apply pressure on judiciary and agencies. But now, our media too has become totally corporate, and a cheerleader of the government. Most media houses are either owned by corporates, or rely on advertisements from them and government for their revenue.
By chance, happen to see this. I too read many such articles. I bet, all so called intelligentsia has either failed or feared to admit the fact.
And that is: till the majority feels to be taken for granted and treated as second class, this would continue to happen. Why did Mr P….. Started visiting temples? so suddenly faith risen in him?
Did any intelligentsia file PIL against present leadership?
One in US replicated it and succeeded.
Why don’t intelligentsia swallow this harsh fact? They are simply paper tigers. Don’t want to come out of their comfort box and fear being labelled otherwise.
In an TV interaction with Shri Rajat Sharma,as renowned jurist of India in the shoes of Shari Ram Jethmalani,covered a wide range of subjects including the corrupt practices of various political leaders.As to Why I Modi he vociferously ruled out even an iota of underhand practices ie corruption.It would THEREFORE be advisable if the instant references are also brought to his notice to hold a sifting probe to un earth the reality.Even the alleged role of providing under cover to some businessmen and politicians in indulging in looting of Indian Banks and taking refuge abroad also need to be independently probed.
In case you were basing your judgement on Mr Ram Jethmalani’s endorsements, I have some bad news for you.
https://www.thequint.com/news/politics/ram-jethmalani-regrets-supporting-modi-seeks-public-forgiveness
Another fake propaganda by one of 99% Congress owned media.
What Congress were doing all this years. All are mere false accusations, we already seeen this Kejriwal, Wire and so on and finally ends up in apologising. If you people close your eyes and pretend nothing good is happening doesn’t mean that all other people are doing the same. You people have looted India for these many years. Why dont you people sit and watch the Good thing happening under Modi
The article never claimed Modi was the only corrupt politician in India. Whether someone else is corrupt or not, does not absolve him. What we show here is that there is more evidence of direct corruption against Mr Modi than against many others.
My Q is when pm openly does support Adani or Mukesh , 2ndly let’s assume he takes money in what way is it helping him or his family ? U r not able to get one friendly person in income tax to trail down his bank accounts to check money there viza vee what he had submitted to goi when he contested election in 2014 . These are all speculation? Try to dig deeper with more documents like SSwamy does , learn from him on investigation.
However a nice read is this article with no supporting docs !
Thanks for your remarks, we have already addressed this part in the article:
“It must be stressed here that corruption in politicians can come in many forms – a typical corrupt politician may brazenly embezzle funds or seek bribes to enrich his own family members.
Now, let us look at Vladimir Putin of Russia, who has presided over the world’s most corrupt Oligarchy (some times described as Kleptocracy). Putin’s known personal fortune is modest 2 flats in Moscow. His daughter Katerina holds a simple academic job as a researcher of History in St. Petersburg University. However, dig below the surface and you will realize that this is just a facade. Putin’s associates are worth hundreds of billions of dollars, and these funds are available at Putin’s disposal for his political needs.
Mr Modi has copied the Putin Model. He too doesn’t appear to indulge in the first sort of corruption. The bribes and favours he has taken are to help the Sangh Parivar, or his own self-promotion, not cash for his immediate family, who maintain a facade of modest lifestyles, even walk to bank to withdraw ₹4000 when a political need arises. His crony friends lavishly fund the expensive campaigns when elections are held.
Eventually, both forms of corruption are equally harmful for a country.”
Excellently compilation of all misdeed of modi whichwere never investigated and systematically suppressed by him and his corporate friends.
Whoever took so much of pain to draft
a nonsense cock & bull story should be saluted. He/she should have been paid very well for the hard work they did out of the money got from corruption. Say what you want, no one can change the mind of the ppl who want to see Modiji
as PM of India & who want to see the entire corrupt politicians behind the bars. Hail Modiji.
We always provide references to any factual claims that are made. I suggest you read our article on Bhakti, to perhaps do some self-diagnosis.
You have written it in detail. More power🙋
Excellent piece.